Potential Difference Between Two Points

Assalamualaikum my fellow friends..i'm sorry if this note quite simple..:)
We're going to learn about potential difference.

Potential Difference Between Two Points.

V_a + iR = V_b

V_b - V_a = iR

Potential Difference between a Real Battery

V = ε – ir

Grounding circuit means connecting the circuit to a conducting path to Earth’s surface (actually to the electrically conducting moist dirt and below ground)

Thus the potential = 0

Power , potential and EMF

The net rate P of energy transfer from the emf to the charge carrier is
                                        P = iV

The rate P,at which energy is dissipated as thermal energy in the battery is    
                                           P_r = i²R

The rate P_emf at which the chemical energy in the battery changes is    
                                           P_emf = iε 

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